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The factors that affect the stability of the welding arc mainly include the following aspects:
(1) Welder operating skills and automatic arc length adjustment ability
The welder’s operating technique is an important factor in determining arc stability. During the actual welding process, the welder’s gun (strip) gestures should be appropriate and the arc length should be kept constant as much as possible. Otherwise, welding current fluctuations or even arc interruption will occur. The angle between the welding wire and the workpiece, and between the welding gun and the workpiece, must be appropriate to produce proper penetration, prevent welding defects, and maintain the molten pool. For automatic welding, the arc length is required to be automatically adjusted to ensure that the arc length remains constant during the welding process, thereby ensuring constant welding parameters.
(2)Arc welding power supply
① Types of arc welding power sources: DC arc welding power sources and square wave AC arc welding power sources have better arc stability than sine wave AC arc welding power sources. The stability of pulse arc welding power supply is better, therefore, pulse arc welding power supply is usually used when welding with small current.
②External characteristics of arc welding power supply The external characteristics of the power supply should comply with the arc stable combustion requirements of the corresponding welding method. Gas metal arc welding generally uses thin wire (the diameter of the wire is not greater than 3.2mm), and a slow-down external characteristic power supply needs to be selected, otherwise the welding Gas metal arc welding with unstable arc and high current sometimes also uses thick wire. When using thick wire, it is necessary to use a power source with steep drop external characteristics.
③The dynamic characteristics of the power supply include short-circuit transition. The CO2 welding arc periodically burns and extinguishes. This requires the no-load voltage of the power supply to rise quickly and the short-circuit current to rise moderately.
④The no-load voltage of the arc welding power supply. The higher the no-load voltage of the arc welding power supply, the easier it is to start the arc and the better the stability of the arc combustion. However, when the no-load voltage is too high, it is detrimental to the personal safety of the welder.
(3)Welding current
The greater the welding current, the higher the temperature of the arc, the stronger the degree of gas ionization and heat emission in the arc column area, and the more stable the arc combustion will be.
(4)Arc voltage
The arc voltage should properly match the welding current. As the welding current increases, the arc voltage should increase. When the welding current is constant, if the arc voltage is too small, it is easy to cause a short circuit; if the arc voltage is too large, the arc will swing violently and destroy the stability of the welding arc.
(5) Workpiece surface condition, air flow and magnetic deflection
If the surface of the workpiece is not clean, such as oil, rust, moisture, etc., arc ignition and arc burning will be unstable. When the protective air flow is unstable or there is magnetic deflection, the arc will also be unstable.
Post time: Nov-16-2023
