Come to understand high speed steel
High-speed steel (HSS) is a tool steel with high hardness, high wear resistance and high heat resistance, also known as wind steel or front steel, which means that it can be hardened even when it is cooled in air during quenching, and it is very sharp. It is also called white steel.
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High-speed steel is an alloy steel with complex composition, containing carbide-forming elements such as tungsten, molybdenum, chromium, vanadium, and cobalt. The total amount of alloying elements is about 10-25%. It can still maintain high hardness under the condition of high heat generated by high-speed cutting (about 500 ℃), and its HRC can be above 60. This is the most important characteristic of high-speed steel – red hardness. After quenching and low-temperature tempering, carbon tool steel has high hardness at room temperature, but when the temperature is higher than 200°C, the hardness drops sharply, and the hardness has dropped to a level similar to that of the annealed state at 500°C. , Completely lost the ability to cut metal, which limits the use of carbon tool steel for cutting tools. The high-speed steel makes up for the fatal shortcomings of carbon tool steel due to its good red hardness.
High-speed steel is mainly used to manufacture complex thin blades and impact-resistant metal cutting tools, as well as high-temperature bearings and cold extrusion dies, such as turning tools, drill bits, hobs, machine saw blades, and demanding molds.
▌ Let’s learn about tungsten steel
Tungsten steel (tungsten carbide) has a series of excellent properties such as high hardness, wear resistance, good strength and toughness, heat resistance and corrosion resistance, especially its high hardness and wear resistance, even at a temperature of 500 ° C. It remains basically unchanged, and it still has a high hardness at 1000 °C.
Tungsten steel, the main components are tungsten carbide and cobalt, which account for 99% of all components, and 1% is other metals, so it is called tungsten steel, also known as cemented carbide, and is considered to be the tooth of modern industry.
Tungsten steel is a sintered composite material composed of at least one metal carbide. Tungsten carbide, cobalt carbide, niobium carbide, titanium carbide, and tantalum carbide are common components of tungsten steel. The grain size of the carbide component (or phase) is usually between 0.2-10 microns, and the carbide grains are held together using a metal binder. Binder metals are generally iron group metals, commonly used are cobalt and nickel. Therefore, there are tungsten-cobalt alloys, tungsten-nickel alloys and tungsten-titanium-cobalt alloys.
The sintering of tungsten steel is to press the powder into a billet, then heat it into a sintering furnace to a certain temperature (sintering temperature), keep it for a certain period of time (holding time), and then cool it down to obtain the tungsten steel material with the required properties.
① Tungsten-cobalt cemented carbide
The main components are tungsten carbide (WC) and binder cobalt (Co). Its grade is composed of “YG” (the initials of the Chinese pinyin of “hard, cobalt”) and the percentage of the average cobalt content. For example, YG8 means that the average WCo=8%, and the rest is tungsten-cobalt cemented carbide of tungsten carbide.
②Tungsten-titanium-cobalt cemented carbide
The main components are tungsten carbide, titanium carbide (TiC) and cobalt. Its grade is composed of “YT” (the initials of the Chinese pinyin of “hard, titanium”) and the average content of titanium carbide. For example, YT15 means that the average TiC=15%, and the rest is tungsten carbide and cobalt-based tungsten-titanium-cobalt cemented carbide.
③Tungsten-titanium-tantalum (niobium)-based cemented carbide
The main components are tungsten carbide, titanium carbide, tantalum carbide (or niobium carbide) and cobalt. This type of cemented carbide is also called general cemented carbide or universal cemented carbide. Its grade is composed of “YW” (the initials of the Chinese pinyin of “hard” and “wan”) plus a sequence number, such as YW1.
Tungsten steel has a series of excellent properties such as high hardness, wear resistance, good strength and toughness, heat resistance and corrosion resistance, especially its high hardness and wear resistance, which basically remain unchanged even at a temperature of 500 °C. It still has high hardness at 1000°C. Cemented carbide is widely used as a material, such as turning tools, milling cutters, drills, boring tools, etc. The cutting speed of the new cemented carbide is hundreds of times that of carbon steel.
Post time: Aug-09-2023
