3. Material – welding raw material factors
The raw materials used in welding production include parent materials, welding materials (welding rods, welding wires, flux, shielding gas), etc. The quality of these materials is the basis and prerequisite for ensuring the quality of welding products.
In order to ensure welding quality, the quality inspection of raw materials is very important. In the initial stage of production, that is, before the materials are put into use, the materials must be checked well in order to stabilize production and the quality of welding products.
In the welding quality management system, the quality control of welding raw materials mainly includes the following measures:
(1) Strengthen the acceptance and inspection of welding raw materials entering the factory, and re-inspect their physical and chemical indicators and mechanical properties when necessary.
(2) Establish a strict welding raw material management system to prevent the contamination of welding raw materials during storage.
(3) Implement a welding raw material marking operation system in production to achieve tracking and control of the quality of welding raw materials.
(4) Select welding raw material suppliers and cooperative factories with high reputation and good product quality for ordering and processing, so as to fundamentally prevent the occurrence of welding quality accidents.
In short, the quality of welding raw materials should be based on welding specifications and national standards, and their quality should be tracked and controlled in a timely manner, rather than just accepting them at the factory and ignoring the marking and inspection during the production process.
4. Method—Welding process method factors
Welding quality is highly dependent on process methods, and it occupies a very prominent position among the factors affecting the quality of welding processes.
The influence of process methods on welding quality mainly comes from two aspects. On the one hand, it is the rationality of process formulation; on the other hand, it is the strictness of process implementation.
First, the welding process of a certain product or material should be evaluated, and then the welding process regulations should be formulated according to the process evaluation report and the technical requirements of the drawings, and the welding process instructions or welding process cards should be prepared. These various process parameters expressed in written form are the basis for guiding welding. They are compiled based on the experiments simulated under similar production conditions and the long-term accumulated experience and the specific technical requirements of the products. It is an important basis for ensuring welding quality. It has the characteristics of regulation, seriousness, prudence and continuity. It is usually compiled by experienced welding technicians to ensure its correctness and rationality.
On this basis, we must ensure the strict implementation of the process method. Without sufficient basis, we must not change the process parameters at will. Even if we need to change them, we must follow certain procedures and formalities.
An unreasonable welding process cannot guarantee a qualified weld. However, if we have a correct and reasonable process specification that has been evaluated and verified, we cannot weld a qualified weld if it is not strictly implemented. The two complement each other and are interdependent. Neither aspect can be ignored or neglected.
In the welding quality management system, the effective control of factors affecting the welding process method is as follows:
(1) The welding process must be evaluated in accordance with relevant regulations or national standards.
(2) Experienced welding technicians are selected to prepare the required process documents, which must be complete and continuous.
(3) In accordance with the provisions of the welding process specification, strengthen on-site management and supervision during the welding process.
(4) Before production, welding product test plates and welding process inspection test plates must be made in accordance with the welding process specification to verify the correctness and rationality of the process method.
In addition, the welding process regulations must be formulated in great detail, and there must be remedial plans for quality accidents for important welding structures to minimize losses.
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5. Environment – Environmental factors Under certain circumstances, welding quality is also highly dependent on the environment. Welding operations are often carried out outdoors, and are inevitably affected by external natural conditions (such as temperature, humidity, wind, and rain and snow weather). Under certain conditions of other factors, welding quality problems may be caused by environmental factors alone. Therefore, it should also be paid attention to. In the welding quality management system, the control measures for environmental factors are relatively simple. When environmental conditions do not meet the specified requirements, such as strong winds, wind speeds greater than level 4, or rain and snow weather, relative humidity greater than 90%, welding work can be temporarily stopped, or wind and rain and snow protection measures can be taken before welding; when welding at low temperatures, low carbon steel shall not be lower than -20°C, and ordinary alloy steel shall not be lower than -10°C. If this temperature limit is exceeded, the workpiece can be appropriately preheated. Through the above analysis of the five factors affecting the quality of the welding process and their control measures and principles, it can be seen that the five factors are interrelated and cross-linked, and they should be considered systematically and continuously.
Post time: Nov-25-2024
